Optometría y ergonomía visual: aportes estratégicos a la seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la era digital
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
El objetivo de este capítulo fue analizar, desde la perspectiva de la optometría y la ergonomía visual, el papel de las intervenciones preventivas en la seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura aplicando la metodología PRISMA, que incluyó 51 artículos publicados entre 1995 y 2025 en bases de datos internacionales. Los criterios de selección priorizaron estudios originales, revisiones sistemáticas, meta–análisis y ensayos clínicos que abordaran la fatiga visual digital, la iluminación, las intervenciones ergonómicas y las innovaciones tecnológicas aplicadas al entorno laboral. Los resultados mostraron que la fatiga visual digital es un problema de alta prevalencia en trabajadores expuestos de manera prolongada a pantallas, con repercusiones en la productividad y la seguridad. Asimismo, se evidenció que la iluminación y el diseño ambiental influyen de forma decisiva en la salud visual, reduciendo errores y mejorando el bienestar cuando son adecuados. Las intervenciones ergonómicas multicomponente, que integran rediseño de estaciones de trabajo, capacitación y participación de los empleados, demostraron efectos consistentes, aunque moderados en la disminución de síntomas visuales y musculoesqueléticos. Finalmente, la innovación tecnológica, especialmente la realidad virtual y las plataformas digitales de evaluación, emergió como un recurso con gran potencial, pero con riesgos que requieren protocolos de uso seguro. En conclusión, la ergonomía visual aporta un valor estratégico a la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, y la optometría se posiciona como un aliado clave en la construcción de entornos laborales más seguros y sostenibles.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##
Detalles del artículo
Sección
Cómo citar
Referencias
Aarås, A., Horgen, G., Bjørset, H., Ro, O., & Thoresen, M. (1998). Musculoskeletal, visual and psychosocial stress in VDU operators before and after multidisciplinary ergonomic interventions. Applied Ergonomics, 29(5), 335–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(97)00079-3
Aarås, A., Horgen, G., Bjørset, H., Ro, O., & Walsøe, H. (2001). Musculoskeletal, visual and psychosocial stress in VDU operators before and after multidisciplinary ergonomic interventions: A 6-year prospective study—Part II. Applied Ergonomics, 32(6), 559–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(01)00030-8
Aghamohammadi, A., Beheshti Shirazi, S. A., Banihashem, S., Shishechi, S., Ranjbarzadeh, R., Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, S., & Bendechache, M. (2023). A deep learning model for ergonomics risk assessment and sports and health monitoring in self-occluded images. Signal, Image and Video Processing, 17(8), 3751–3764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-023-02830-6
Aghilinejad, M., Soleimanvandiazar, N., Ghasemi, M., Dehghan, N., & Mokamelkhah, E. K. (2016). An ergonomic intervention to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort among semiconductor assembly workers. Work, 55(4), 905–912. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-162325
Aguirre Campoverde, E., & Mariño Andrade, R. (2024). Síndrome visual informático y exposición a pantallas digitales en docentes universitarios. Revista Científica de Salud Visual, 18(1), 55–66.
Bazaluk, O., Tsopa, V., Cheberiachko, S., Deryugin, O., Radchuk, D., Borovytskyi, O., & Lozynskyi, V. (2023). Ergonomic risk management process for safety and health at work. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1253141. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1253141
Boatca, M., Draghici, A., Irimie, S.-I., & Gajšek, B. (2024). Safety, health and comfort in the workplace: An innovative framework to support implementation of ergonomic interventions. Human Systems Management, 43(3), 395–408. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-230159
Cahyani, A. P., & Ramadhani, S. H. (2024). Optimizing workplace and employee safety through ergonomics: Scoping review. SHS Web of Conferences, 189, 01007. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418901007
Cardoso, B., Mateus, C., Magalhães, R., & Rodrigues, M. A. (2023). Ergonomic intervention program for office workers: A case study about its effect in computer vision syndrome and musculoskeletal discomfort. Ergonomics, 66(12), 1691–1706. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2023.2288543
Castaño Cárdenas, D. (2023). Health and safety at work: Importance of the ergonomic workplace. SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.56294/piii202383
Chauca Izurieta, P., & López-Rubio, J. (2023). Prevalencia de fatiga visual digital en trabajadores administrativos. Revista Latinoamericana de Ergonomía, 9(2), 77–88.
Chintada, A., & U., V. (2021). Improvement of productivity by implementing occupational ergonomics. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 38(7), 536– 546. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2021.1958936
Choobineh, A., Shakerian, M., Faraji, M., Modaresifar, H., Kiani, J., Hatami, M., Akasheh, S., Rezagholian, A., & Kamali, G. (2021). A multilayered ergonomic intervention program on reducing musculoskeletal disorders in an industrial complex: A dynamic participatory approach. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 85, 103221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103221
Dainoff, M., Cohen, B., & Dainoff, M. H. (2005). The effect of an ergonomic intervention on musculoskeletal, psychosocial and visual strain of VDT data entry work: The United States part of the international study. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 11(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2005.11076630
Dale, A. M., Jaegers, L., Welch, L., Gardner, B. T., Buchholz, B., Weaver, N., & Evanoff, B. (2016). Evaluation of a participatory ergonomics intervention in small commercial construction firms. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 59(7), 549–560. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22586
Doğan, O. (2024). Assessment of employees’ ergonomic issues in the workplace in terms of occupational health and safety practices: A meta-analysis study. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(90), 1000–1016. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1507310
Esmaeilzadeh, S., Ozcan, E., & Capan, N. (2012). Effects of ergonomic intervention on work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders among computer workers: A randomized controlled trial. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 85(3), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0838-5
Felekoğlu, B., & Tasan, S. O. (2020). Interactive ergonomic risk mapping: A practical approach for visual management of workplace ergonomics. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 26(3), 418–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2020.1712127
Ghosh, T. (2024). O-154 Enhancing work processes and health safety in India’s informal sectors: An ergonomic intervention study. Occupational Medicine, 74(Suppl 1), A140. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0856
Golabchi, A., Han, S., & AbouRizk, S. (2018). A simulation and visualization-based framework of labor efficiency and safety analysis for prevention through design and planning. Automation in Construction, 96, 353–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.10.001
Heidarimoghadam, R., Mohammadfam, I., Babamiri, M., Soltanian, A., Khotanlou, H., & Sohrabi, M. (2020). What do the different ergonomic interventions accomplish in the workplace? A systematic review. International Journal of Occupational Safety and
Ergonomics, 26(4), 842–855. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2020.1811521
Hemphälä, H. (2014). How visual ergonomics interventions influence health and performance—with an emphasis on non-computer work tasks. [Revista no especificada].
Hemphälä, H., & Eklund, J. (2012). A visual ergonomics intervention in mail sorting facilities: Effects on eyes, muscles and productivity. Applied Ergonomics, 43(6), 1109– 1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2011.05.006
Hon, C., & Bergamaschi, E. (2025). Editorial: Innovative prevention strategies for occupational health hazards. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1584770. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1584770
Horowitz, J. M., Choe, M. J., Kelahan, L. C., Deshmukh, S., Agarwal, G., Yaghmai, V., & Carr, J. C. (2021). Role of ergonomic improvements in decreasing repetitive stress injuries and promoting well-being in a radiology department. Academic Radiology, 29(7), 1021–1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2021.11.009
Jeganathan, B. (2025). AI-powered ergonomics: Enhancing workplace safety through posture detection. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 12(2), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2025.12020037 Jin, X., Dong, Y., Yang, L., Huang, W., Cao, L., Zhang, Z., & He, L. (2025). Ergonomic interventions to improve musculoskeletal disorders among vehicle assembly workers: A one-year longitudinal study. BMC Public Health, 25, 21798. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21798-1
Liao, L., Liao, K., Wei, N., Ye, Y., Li, L., & Wu, Z. (2023). A holistic evaluation of ergonomics application in health, safety, and environment management research for construction workers. Safety Science, 167, 106198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106198
Long, J., & Richter, H. (2019). The pitfalls of the traditional office ergonomics model in the current mobile work environment: Is visual ergonomics health literacy the remedy? Work, 64(2), 351–361. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-192937
Ministerio de Minas y Energía. (2024). Resolución 40150 de 2024. Por la cual se adopta el Reglamento Técnico de Iluminación y Alumbrado Público (RETILAP). Diario Oficial de la República de Colombia.
Mohd Nizan, N. I., Ali, N. F., & Hussain, S. A. (2024). Managing ergonomic risk assessment among assembly operators in the small-scale fabrication sector. Process Safety Progress, 43(3), e12585. https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12585
Montes, L., Caballero, A., & Navor Molle Cassia, J. (2017). Síndrome de fatigaocular y su relación con el medio laboral. Revista Colombiana de Salud Visual, 10(2), 85– 96.
Niu, S. (2010). Ergonomics and occupational safety and health: An ILO perspective. Applied Ergonomics, 41(6), 744–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2010.03.004
Odujobi, O., Onyekwe, F. O., Ozobu, C. O., Adikwu, F. E., & Nwulu, E. O. (2024). A conceptual model for integrating ergonomics and health surveillance to reduce occupational illnesses in the Nigerian manufacturing sector. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 5(1), 1425–1437. https://doi.org/10.54660/ijmrge.2024.5.1.1425-1437
Ortiz López, M., & Cabezas-Heredia, G. (2023). Factores asociados al síndrome visual informático en docentes ecuatorianos. Revista de Ciencias de la Salud, 21(2), 233– 242.
Punnett, L., Cherniack, M., Henning, R., Morse, T., & Faghri, P. (2009). A conceptual framework for integrating workplace health promotion and occupational ergonomics programs. Public Health Reports, 124(Suppl 1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549091244S103
Putri, N. K., & Isma Putra, B. (2024). Revolutionizing workplace safety through innovative ergonomic solutions in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 19(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v19i4.1165
Rahman, M. H., Ghasemi, A., Dai, F., & Ryu, J. (2023). Review of emerging technologies for reducing ergonomic hazards in construction workplaces. Buildings, 13(12), 2967. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122967
Rivilis, I., Van Eerd, D., Cullen, K., Cole, D. C., Irvin, E., Tyson, J., & Mahood, Q. (2008). Effectiveness of participatory ergonomic interventions on health outcomes: A systematic review. Applied Ergonomics, 39(3), 342–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2007.08.006
Robertson, M., Ciriello, V. M., & Garabet, A. (2013). Office ergonomics training and a sit–stand workstation: Effects on musculoskeletal and visual symptoms and performance of office workers. Applied Ergonomics, 44(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2012.05.001
Robertson, M., Huang, Y.-H., & Lee, J. (2017). Improvements in musculoskeletal health and computing behaviors: Effects of a macroergonomics office workplace and training intervention. Applied Ergonomics, 62, 182–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.02.017
Samsuddin, N., & Daruis, D. (2013). A study of musculoskeletal disorders among visual display terminal workers. Advanced Engineering Forum, 10, 300–305. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.10.300
Shikdar, A., & Sawaqed, N. M. (2003). Worker productivity, and occupational health and safety issues in selected industries. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 45(4), 563–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-8352(03)00074-3
Souchet, A. D., Lourdeaux, D., Pagani, A., & Rebenitsch, L. (2022). A narrative review of immersive virtual reality’s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: Cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload. Virtual Reality, 26(5), 1601–1621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-022-00672-0
Sultan-Taïeb, H., Parent-Lamarche, A., Gaillard, A., Stock, S., Nicolakakis, N., Hong, Q., Vézina, M., Coulibaly, Y., Vézina, N., & Berthelette, D. (2017). Economic evaluations of ergonomic interventions preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review of organizational-level interventions. BMC Public Health, 17, 935. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4935-y
Swinton, P., Cooper, K., & Hancock, E. (2017). Workplace interventions to improve sitting posture: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 99, 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.06.023
Troper, K., Mestre, P. M., Pinela, A. S., & Martinho, T. (2024). P-587 Main measures for ergonomic improvements in the workplace—What can be improved for the visually impaired? Occupational Medicine, 74(Suppl 1), A354. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1404
Vicente, D., Schwarz, M., & Meixner, G. (2023). Improving ergonomic training using augmented reality feedback. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (pp. 236–247). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35741-1_20
Weiner Santos, W., Rojas, C., Isidoro, R., Lorente, A., Dias, A., Mariscal, G., Benlloch, M., & Lorente, R. (2025). Efficacy of ergonomic interventions on work-related musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(9), 3034. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093034
Wong, S. B., Richardson, S., & Yeow, P. H. (2010). An ergonomics study of a semiconductors factory in an IDC for improvement in occupational health and safety. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 16(2), 215–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2010.11076849
Wurzelbacher, S., Lampl, M., Bertke, S., & Tseng, C.-Y. (2020). The effectiveness of ergonomic interventions in material handling operations. Applied Ergonomics, 87, 103139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103139
Zevallos-Cobeña, C. (2021). Síndrome visual informático en estudiantes
universitarios y su relación con el uso de pantallas digitales. Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, 15(1), 67–79.